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United States Federal Census Records / Images — with some State Censuses / City Directories 
Place your cursor here to read a note about Census records.
Census information is only as good as an
informant's knowledge base AND
the census-taker's ability to understand and
record the answers given. Remember, handwritten entries always pose
legibility problems. Another complication is that the
census-takers, however dedicated and well-meaning, wrote down what they
were told, or THOUGHT they heard. Spellings, for instance,
are often "iffy."
Sometimes people estimated dates or ages, as best they could — but occasionally just made things up. (Yes, we do sometimes tell fibs, perhaps to avoid embarrassments.) Census information was supposed to be "AS OF" a specific cutoff date, often in April or June. However, if the census-worker didn't get to the home until much later in the year, children born after the standard cutoff were frequently counted anyway. Thus, ages or elapsed years are often reported as of the day the census-taker was standing at the door asking questions, rather than "as of" the official cutoff date itself. Note: The 1890 Census was almost completely destroyed by fire in 1921, alas. Click here for an historical overview / recap of the Federal Census. Click here for a population graph from 1610 to 2050's estimate. (When the graph displays, left-click to see a dramatic enlargement.) |
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Family Groups — by head of household |
Census / Directory Years |
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Beck, George Dobson — 10 Apr 1849 > 30 Jul 1930
1930 — Kansas City, Kansas,
1925 — Kansas State Census, Kansas City
1920 — Kansas City, Kansas,
1915 — Kansas State Census, Kansas City
1910 — Kansas City, Kansas,
1905 — Kansas State Census, Kansas City 1900 — Kansas City, Missouri 1890 > 91 — City Directory, Kansas City, Missouri 1880 — Dension, Texas
1870 — Leavenworth, Kansas,
Beck, John R. — 30 Aug 1854 > Oct 1891 1880 — Cooke County, Texas
1870 — Leavenworth, Kansas,
Faught, Wiley Blount, Sr. — 8 Nov 1799 > 20 Jan 1841
1870 — (Elizabeth Ann, a widow)
1850 — (Elizabeth Ann, now a widow)
1840 — (Wiley and Elizabeth Ann)
1830 — (Wiley and Elizabeth Ann) King, Eli B. Alexander — May 1837 > 1876
1870 — Liberty, Madison County, Missouri
1860 — Twelve Mile, Madison County, Missouri
McNay, David — 1795–1800 > 1831–1839 1830 — Logan County, Ohio McNay, James — 1761–1770 > before 1840 1830 — Logan County, Ohio 1820 — Logan County, Ohio McNay, Robert — c. 1830 > 10 Jan 1897 1880 — Valparaiso, Indiana 1870 — Valparaiso, Indiana 1860 — Valparaiso, Indiana 1850 — LaPorte, Indiana 1840 — Elkhart County, Indiana Mills, Constantine — 6 Sep 1761 > 21 Oct 1848 1820 — Austinburg [Ashtabula] Ohio
1810 — Ashtabula County, Ohio
Ohio's 1810 Census was destroyed 1800 — Norfolk, Connecticut 1790 — Litchfield County, Connecticut Mills, Hadsell Alden — 7 Oct 1870 > 13 Apr 1940 1930 — Bedford Village, Ohio 1928 — City Directory, Cleveland (Bedford Village), Ohio 1920 — Gallatin Twp, Missouri 1910 — Rich Hill Twp, Missouri
1900 — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio,
1880 — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio,
Mills, Harvey E. Tuttle — 1808 > after 1880 1860 — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio Mills, Henry Martin — 11 Mar 1836 > 19 Jul 1908 1900 — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio
1890 — Veterans Schedule; 1880 — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio Mills, Simon II — 1637 > 1683
1669 — Connecticut Colonial Census of Freemen
Monteith, Hugh — 8 Jan c. 1772 > after 1860 1830 — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio 1820 — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio 1810 — Salem Twp [Wayne] Pennsylvania
Moore, Eugene W. — 8 Jan c. 1880 > 21 Oct 1957
1930 — Kansas City, Kansas,
1925 — Kansas State Census, Kansas City
1920 — Kansas City, Kansas,
1910 — Kansas City, Kansas,
Reed, James, Sr. — c. 1783 > 13 Oct 1851 1850 — Madison County, Missouri 1840 — Twelvemile Twp [Madison] Missouri 1830 — Twelvemile Twp [Madison] Missouri Reed, Missouri E.A. — c. 1843 / 44 > ?
1880 — Denison, Texas,
1870 — Ironton, Missouri,
1860 — Ironton, Missouri,
Tennis, Adison — 1804 > 14 Jun 1856 1850 — Finley Twp [then Greene County] Missouri 1840 — Sprigg Twp [Adams] Ohio Tennis, John — 1714 > 24 Jul 1797 1790 — Mifflin County, Pennsylvania Tennis, John H. — 11 Mar 1833 > 17 Oct 1912
1910 — Denton, Texas,
1900 — Denton, Texas
1880 — Denton County, Texas
1850 — Finley Twp (then Greene County) Missouri,
Tennis, John Sherman — 24 May 1895 > 1 Dec 1963 1930 — Tarrant County, Texas Tennis, William — 1750 > bef. 1820 1790 — Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Wagner, George — 24 Jun 1875 > 5 Jan 1958 1947 > 48 — City Directory, Kansas City, Kansas 1945 — City Directory, Kansas City, Kansas 1942 — City Directory, Kansas City, Kansas 1940 — City Directory, Kansas City, Kansas 1938 — City Directory, Kansas City, Kansas 1936 — City Directory, Kansas City, Kansas 1930 — Kansas City, Kansas
1920 — Kansas City, Kansas
1915 — Kansas State Census, Kansas City
1910 — Kansas City, Kansas,
1905 — Kansas State Census, Kansas City
1900 — Kansas City, Missouri, 1897 > 98 — City Directory, Kansas City, Missouri
Wagner, Johann (John) — 1846 > 1920
1885 — Kansas State Census
1880* — St. Louis [St. Louis] Missouri
1880* — Sarcoxie Twp [Jefferson] Kansas *Note on 1880: They moved from Sarcoxie (Kansas) to St. Louis (Missouri) between the enumeration dates in those cities, so ended up being counted in BOTH censuses. |
1947 > 1948 — City Directory Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1945 — City Directory Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1942 — City Directory Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1940 1 Apr 2012 is the publication date for our 16th Census. 1940 — City Directory Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1938 — City Directory Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1936 — City Directory Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1930 Beck, George Dobson — Kansas City, Kansas Mills, Hadsell Alden — Bedford Village, Ohio Moore, Eugene W. — Kansas City, Kansas Tennis, John Sherman — Tarrant County, Texas Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1928 — City Directory Mills, Hadsell Alden — Cleveland (Bedford Village) Ohio 1925 — State Census
Beck, George Dobson 1920 Beck, George Dobson — Kansas City, Kansas Mills, Hadsell Alden — Gallatin Twp, Missouri Moore, Eugene W. — Kansas City, Kansas Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1915 — State Census
Beck, George Dobson
Wagner, George 1910 Beck, George Dobson — Kansas City, Kansas Mills, Hadsell Alden — Rich Hill Twp, Missouri Moore, Eugene W. — Kansas City, Kansas
Tennis, John H. — Denton, Texas,
Wagner, George — Kansas City, Kansas 1905 — State Census
Beck, George Dobson
Wagner, George 1900 Beck, George Dobson — Kansas City, Missouri
Mills, Hadsell Alden — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio,
Mills, Henry Martin — Morgan Twp [Ashstabula] Ohio
Tennis, John H. — Denton, Texas
Wagner, George — Kansas City, Missouri 1897 > 1898 — City Directory Wagner, George — Kansas City, Missouri 1890 > 1891 — City Directory Beck, George Dobson — Kansas City, Missouri 1890 — Census largely destroyed by fire 1890 — Veterans Schedule Mills, Henry Martin — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula] Ohio 1885 — State Census
Wagner, Johann (John) — Kansas State Census
1880 Beck, George Dobson — Dension, Texas Beck, John R. — Cooke County, Texas McNay, Robert — Valparaiso, Indiana
Mills, Hadsell Alden — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula]
Mills, Henry Martin — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula]
(Reed) Rankins, Missouri — Denison, Texas Tennis, John H. — Denton County, Texas
Wagner, Johann (John) — Sarcoxie Twp
1870
Beck, George Dobson — Leavenworth, Kansas,
Faught (Wood), Elizabeth Ann, a widow
King, Eli B. Alexander — Liberty, Madison, Missouri
McNay, Robert — Valparaiso, Indiana
(Reed) King, Missouri — Ironton, Missouri
1860
King, Eli B. Alexander — Twelve Mile, Madison, Missouri
McNay, Robert — Valparaiso, Indiana
Mills, Harvey E. Tuttle — Morgan Twp [Ashtabula]
1850
Faught (Wood), Elizabeth Ann, a widow McNay, Robert — LaPorte, Indiana Reed, James, Sr. — Madison County, Missouri Tennis, Adison — Finley Twp, (then Greene County) Missouri
Tennis, John H. — Finley Twp, (then Greene County) Missouri
1840 Faught Wiley Blount,. Sr. — Giles County, Tennessee McNay, Robert — Elkhart County, Indiana Reed, James, Sr. — Twelvemile [Madison] Missouri Tennis, Adison — Sprigg Twp [Adams] Ohio 1830 Faught Wiley Blount,. Sr. — Giles County, Tennessee McNay, David — Logan County, Ohio McNay, James — Logan County, Ohio Monteith, Hugh — Morgan Twp, Ohio Reed, James, Sr. — Twelvemile [Madison] Missouri 1820 McNay, James — Logan County, Ohio Mills, Constantine — Austinburg, Ohio Monteith, Hugh — Morgan Twp, Ohio
1810 — much of the 1810 Census
was destroyed Monteith, Hugh — Salem Twp, Pennsylvania
1800 — much of the 1800 Census
was destroyed Mills, Constantine — Norfolk [Litchfield] Connecticut 1790 Mills, Constantine — Litchfield County, Connecticut Tennis, John — Mifflin County, Pennsylvania Tennis, William — Montgomery County, Pennsylvania 1669 — Connecticut Colonial Census of Freemen Mills, Simon II — Windsor, Connecticut Colony |
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Federal Census Overview /
Procedural Highlights
For the Census Bureau's own complete and more detailed decennial recaps, click here. |
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| 1787 |
The Constitution (Article 1, Section 2) requires that every ten years
an "actual enumeration" or census of all "persons" within the United
States be conducted, in order to (1) apportion members of the House of Representatives among the several states
—(starting with 65 in 1787, adding seats as the nation grew,
(2) levy direct per-capita taxes
—(but there have been no such federal
levies for well over 200 years, The National Archives keeps sealed, for a full 72 years, all personal or individual information gathered in each Census. Thus, the 1950 Census will be "opened" in 2022. But averages or aggregate data are immediately published, to report on elements such as economic or racial patterns within districts, or other demographic trends.
Enumerations before 1850 are of marginal value in genealogy.
• To increase their voting power in the House of Representatives, Southerners wanted ALL slaves counted. • To prevent such a stranglehold on the House, the North wanted NO slaves counted. Thus, the "three-fifths deal" struck an uneasy (not to mention unholy) balance: it gave the slave states a few more representatives, but not as many as if all their slaves had been counted. |
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1790 1st |
The first census asks simple, general questions:
• The name of each head of household, male or female, and the number of people living there: • free white males age 16 or older; • free white males under age 16 (= 15 or younger); • free white females; • other free persons of whatever race, age, or gender; and • slaves. Male ages were important, not only for voting, but for a military draft, should one be needed. Large chunks of our first Census documents are now lost. |
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1800 2nd > 1840 6th |
Additional age ranges are included, and females are now enumerated by age
— but, alas, only family heads are named. Unfortunately, almost all 1800 and 1810 documents have been lost, or were destroyed in the War of 1812 when the British burned government buildings in Washington, D.C. |
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1850 7th |
The range of questions is greatly enhanced, to include names of all residents in a household, a specific age for each, gender, occupation, place of birth, real property value, whether able to read / write, and if any serious impairments exist. Note that being a "pauper" or a convict is equated with being "deaf and dumb," blind, insane, or "idiotic." |
| 1865 | The 13th Amendment, by abolishing slavery in 1865, mooted the "three-fifths of a person" counting rule which had applied to slaves. The Southern states, although they lost the Civil War they started, actually gained House seats in subsequent Census-based reapportionments. |
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1890 11th |
First use of punch-cards to tabulate certain findings. About 75% of the 1890 records were burned or damaged in a 1921 fire, and what remained was sadly, disposed of. See the entry for 1921. |
| 1902 | Congress authorizes a permanent Census Office, which is transferred the following year to the Department of Commerce and Labor. (In 1913, when Commerce and Labor are divided into separate departments, the Census Bureau stays with the Department of Commerce.) No archiving provisions are included. |
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1920 14th |
For the first and only time, no reapportionment of the House of Representatives occurs following this Census. By the end of World War I, there had been a clear population shift from farms to cities — the United States is now more urban than rural. For nine years, members from rural, largely conservative districts repeatedly derail reapportionment in order to preserve their own seats and prevent more liberal urban populations from taking control of the House. (Specifically, there is fear that Prohibition might be repealed if non-farm voters gain full representation.) Finally, in 1929 a permanent, automatic reapportionment law is enacted to prevent such an abuse of power in the future. |
| 1921 | The 1890 Census is severely damaged by a fire in the Commerce Department's basement storage area. Although a number of other Census records suffer at least some water damage, 25% of 1890's returns are burned and another 50% significantly damaged. A decade passes with no attempt to restore or recopy the remaining records, which are rapidly deteriorating even further. By 1932, the Librarian of Congress suggests they be destroyed. Congress unwisely follows that recommendation, and what is left of the 1890 Census is incinerated during 1934 / 1935. A few scattered remnants have surfaced since then, but these contain only 6,000 of the 62 million names originally listed. |
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1940 16th |
Statistical sampling is introduced, which allows the Census Bureau to create a "long form" for a subset of the population, while others answer fewer questions on a "short form." |
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1950 17th |
For the first time an electronic computer, UNIVAC I, is used to help tabulate results. |
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1960 18th |
In an effort to move toward voluntary self-counting, census forms are mailed to urban households to be completed and sent back to the Census Bureau. |
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1970 19th |
Mail-in forms take precedence over door-to-door census-takers. For the first time, respondents are asked to check off whether they are of Spanish or Hispanic origin or descent. |
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1980 20th |
Although the 1980 census is considered one of the most accurate in recent decades, the City of New York and various civil rights groups challenge the final results, based on reports of widespread under-counting among urban minorities. |
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1990 21st |
Census 1990 costs $2.6 billion. It appears to be the first to be less accurate than the one preceding it — an estimated 8.4 million people are missed, while another 4.4 million are counted twice. These problems are partly blamed on declining census participation: the voluntary response rate for Census 1990 drops to only 65%. |
| 1999 | The Supreme Court narrowly holds, 5 to 4, that statistical sampling cannot be used to apportion congressional districts among the states, although sampling can be used for certain other purposes — for example, to assess ethnicity or age-group / income distributions in various parts of the country. The Court's myopic ruling, based on a strict construction of the Constitution's phrase "actual enumeration," guarantees that future Censuses will be laborious, time-consuming, expensive — and flawed. It is simply no longer possible to "actually count" more than a third of a billion people. |
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2000 22nd |
As expected from the preceding year's Supreme Court decision, Census 2000
costs more than double, to $6 billion. This becomes the largest
peacetime mobilization of resources and personnel in history.
For the first time, the Bureau mounts a nationwide advertising campaign to
encourage people to fill out their forms, but under- and double-counting
problems continue anyway.
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2010 23rd |
Despite shortening the number of questions to only 10, costs soar to
$15 billion, setting yet another record. Participation is
hampered by a growing suspicion that personal data will be used for purposes
other than merely apportioning congressional seats among the states.
It is widely agreed that this Census is seriously flawed.
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